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Although we can find many applications of AC in industry, we still find that there are many industrial processes that require DC for their operation.

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

Some of these applications include battery charging, emergency lighting, welding, electroplating, metal refining, metal reduction, communications and

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

many others.

Unlike AC generators, the speed of DC generators are not so critical. Therefore, small DC generators can be belt-driven, gear-driven or

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

direct driven by prime movers. Large DC generators are always direct driven. Some of the prime movers used are AC motors, petrol or diesel engines, w

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

ter or steam turbines.

Small DC generators are driven from 300 to 1800 rpm, while larger generators are driven from 60 to 250 rpm. Because of line vo

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

ltage drops, the direct current produced are only transmitted over short distances.

For convenience, many DC applications uses rectifiers to convert

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

AC supply to DC supply. These rectifiers usually make use of solid-state semiconductors because they have no moving parts and are very robust in const

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

ruction. When such rectifiers are used, some sort of wave filters need to be installed to smoothen out the pulsating DC supply obtained through rectif

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

cation.

For short term applications, batteries are used to supply the necessary DC supply. These have to be recharged during and after use by DC gene

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

rators or rectifiers. The DC supply obtained from batteries are smooth.

Many people do not realize it, but the generation of AC power requires the us

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

e of a DC supply at its field coil to maintain a constant magnetic field. This source of DC supply is obtained from either a DC generator or a rectif

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

ier unit.

In modern brushless AC generators, the rectifier unit together with the field coil are actually fixed to the rotating rotor and moves with

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

he rotor.

DC motors have the advantage of excellent starting torque and wide ranges of speed control. They are therefore used to drive machines that

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

are difficult to start under load or are required to run at varying speeds. Another advantage of DC motors is the fact that they can be reversed very

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

easily. By just varying the polarity of the field coil supply, the motor can be made to run in the reversed direction.

Some of the applications of DC

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

motors are in large steel rolling mills, electric railways, elevators, hoists and cranes. All these applications require that the machines can be eas

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

ly started from standstill on heavy loads and then proceed to full speeds in a very short time. The speeds of rotation of these machines are also requ

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

ired to be controlled very accurately.

Electronic controls are used to vary the speeds of DC shunt motors by adjusting the armature voltages. Variabl

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

e voltage for the armatures are supplied by silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR) circuits.

Can you imagine how life will be like without these DC mach

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

ines? For tall buildings, the occupants will have to endure erractic elevator movements whenever the number of passengers changes. Isn't that annoying

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

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