Digg It - Business

What are refrigerants? Refrigerants are fluids that absorbs heat at low temperatures and rejects heat at higher temperatures. The principles of refrigerant allow for heat pumps and straight air conditioners

According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product

to function properly; because of their pressure temperature relationship. This relationship allows for heat transfer.

In the HVAC industry refrigerants are given a trade name known as "R" names. Examples

; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.

Examples of combination products may in

f these names are R22, R134a, and R502. These names help to describe the different types of refrigerants. Refrigerants have various chemical make ups, along with different properties. Some refrigerants are

lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.

nly able to work in high pressures while others use low pressures to function properly.

There are three main make ups of refrigerants that are currently used. Hydrogenated Fluorocarbon Refrigerants (HFCs),

here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe

which is made up of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon. Because they do not use a chlorine atom (which is used in most refrigerants) they are known to be one of the least damaging to our ozone. Hydrogenated Chl

d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.

Combination pro

rofluorocarbon Refrigerants (HCFCs), which are made up of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. These refrigerants contain minimal amounts of chlorine; they are not as detrimental to the environment as

ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc

ome other refrigerants. Chlorofluorocarbon Refrigerants (CFCs), which contain chlorine, fluorine and carbon. These refrigerants carry high amounts of chlorine so they are known for being the most hazardous

easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi

to the ozone layer.

Sometimes refrigerants consist of a two or more chemical compounds. These blends break down into two types: Zeotropes and Azeotropes. Zeotrope refrigerant mixes are mainly made of three

nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically

different types of refrigerants. The characteristic that describes this type of refrigerant is that all three refrigerants keep their own properties; they act as 3 individual refrigerants. Azeotropes are ma

and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ

nly a blend of two refrigerants. The property that defines this type of refrigerant is it acts as a single refrigerant. This effect the boiling points of both types of refrigerants.

You must understand one

ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi

of the most important fundamentals of refrigerants before expanding into how they work. This key principle is that refrigerants do not make things 'cold' they remove heat. This principle is preached in the

ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.

Following aspects would a

VAC industry. It is a common misunderstanding of homeowners and technicians.

A pressure temperature relationship is a way of describing the specific temperature that relates directly with the pressure of a

dd to the challenges in developing combination products:

Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod

substance. This allows control of refrigerants boiling temperatures. Controlling a refrigerants boiling temperature allows for proper heat transfer.

Heat transfer is when heat from one place is transfered

cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin

o another place, this is also referred to as a refrigerant cycle. Generally we control heat transfer through air, water and refrigerants.

This type of heat transfer happens through conduction. Conduction i

tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen

s when heated molecules, with lots of movement, collide with slow moving molecules. The warmer molecules, fast moving, always move towards the cooler ones, or the slow moving molecules.

Refrigerants are so

t?

As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel

d in disposable container that include a check valve. This limits the reuse of old refrigerants and prevents mixing refrigerants. Refrigerants are identified by a standard color code. The labels also contai

ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.

Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust

information on which type of refrigerant is in the container along with any safety hazards there are.

There are several safety hazards when handling refrigerants. In order to help prevent damage to the oz

y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products

ne, technicians are required by law to become EPA certified. There are four (4) main types of certification; Type I, Type II, Type III, and UNIVERSAL. Type I includes small appliances such as refrigerators.

.

As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de

Type II includes high pressure appliance with the exclusion of small appliances such as split-systems. Type III includes low pressure systems such as chillers. A Universal certification includes all three t

elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.

Companies that provide selfless information through particip

pes of certifications. For more information on refrigerants, their properties, how they effect the environment, and becoming certified, consult your local supply house, manufacturers, or the escro institute

tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products

HTTP = HTML link (for blogs, profiles,phorums):
<a href="http://www.diggit.org.ua/article/20126/diggit-Understanding-Refrigerants.html">Understanding Refrigerants</a>

BB link (for phorums):
[url=http://www.diggit.org.ua/article/20126/diggit-Understanding-Refrigerants.html]Understanding Refrigerants[/url]

What is your crisis management ability like or better still, how good are you at anticipating and avoiding/preventing crisis in your business operations(e.g. outage of essential manufacturing components which leads to lost output/sales)? How good are you at assessing trends of events, and quickly determining sources of potential problems? This article explains why the good business practice of pro-actively developing alternative plans of action, to be implemented in the event of setbacks or crisis situations occurring, is an essential requirement for business longevity.

The other day I was giving a speech to a group of Business Students at a local High School, it seems that the local Future Business Leaders of America has heard I was in town giving a speech to a nearby college. Sure enough it is a somewhat small town and the asked if I would speak. How could I say no?

Tags

Links

Digg It - Understanding Refrigerants

Related Articles: