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Digg It - Membrane Diffuser Solutions for Wastewater Treatment Systems
In the aeration basin of a typical wastewater treatment plant there are both organic and inorganic matter that can impair the function of fine bubble diffusers. Eventually this requires either addition
According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product
al energy to overcome high membrane headloss, or reducing the oxygen mass transfer to the process.
The rate and type of fouling depends on whether the plant is treating industrial or municipal wastewa
The rate and type of fouling depends on whether the plant is treating industrial or municipal wastewa
; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.
Examples of combination products may in
Examples of combination products may in
er, as well as on the process. Typically diffuser types foul more rapidly in low MCRT plants such as non nitrifying conventional processes than in high MCRT plants such as in nutrient removal processes
lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.
like oxidation ditch, BNR and SBR.
Diffuser media which have been readily available in the market include porous types such as aluminum oxide, porcelain, ABS and Polyethylene, and non-porous types EPD
Diffuser media which have been readily available in the market include porous types such as aluminum oxide, porcelain, ABS and Polyethylene, and non-porous types EPD
here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe
, Silicone and Polyurethane.
Most diffuser manufacturers have taken a targeted rather than blanket approach to diffuser fouling problems. For example, in a dairy WWTP, it is expected that there will b
Most diffuser manufacturers have taken a targeted rather than blanket approach to diffuser fouling problems. For example, in a dairy WWTP, it is expected that there will b
d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.
Combination pro
Combination pro
e significant calcium fouling, therefore it is common to use a flexible membrane diffuser rather than a hard porous type which may prove more difficult to keep clean.
In some cases manufacturers have
In some cases manufacturers have
ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc
ecommended lower roughness coefficient materials such as PU rather than EPDM in such applications to reduce surface adhesion of calcium, gypsum, and silicas to the membrane. However, there have always
easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi
een trade-offs in the selection of a diffuser media other than porous types or EPDM. For example PU and Silicone formulations that have been used often have a relatively high headloss and lower SOTE th
nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically
n EPDM. Silicone is also prone to tear propagation, add most PU is resistant to only 40 C. Only EPDM provides desirable physical properties and bubble sizes consistent with high SOTE. It should be note
and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ
d that any result above 7% SOTE/m is considered high, and these tests were conducted at a diffuser submergence of 4.7m.
PTFE layered EPDM membranes were introduced in late 2004 and were installed thro
PTFE layered EPDM membranes were introduced in late 2004 and were installed thro
ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi
ghout the course of 2005 in two dairies, one paper mill, one post aeration basin, a brewery, a landfill leachate treatment plant, and a number of municipal sewage treatment plants. In most of the cases
ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.
Following aspects would a
Following aspects would a
PTFE layered EPDM was selected due to the failure of previous technologies to avoid fouling to a sufficient degree that the plant could operate efficiently.
Rosso and Stenstrom (in their paper Econom
Rosso and Stenstrom (in their paper Econom
dd to the challenges in developing combination products:
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
cs of Fine Pore Diffuser Aging) have empirically studied the extent of fouling and cleaning intervals of various diffuser media in a wide array of municipal sewage treatment plants and have found that
cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
aF rates between cleanings of membranes even in municipal plants are much greater than common perception, dropping from an average alpha in a low MCRT plant of 0.50 to less than 0.40 after up to 2 year
tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
and stabilizing to less than 0.35 thereafter. At this time specifically in low MCRT plants they have found that the difference in aF between porous and non-porous fine bubble media do not vary signifi
t?
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
antly.
Stamford Scientific has recorded case studies where diffusers did not require cleaning, however, it was the operator's curiosity to look at the diffusers that drove them to drain the tanks and
Stamford Scientific has recorded case studies where diffusers did not require cleaning, however, it was the operator's curiosity to look at the diffusers that drove them to drain the tanks and
ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
nspect them. In both cases, the surface bubble pattern was consistent with new and clean diffusers, the dissolved oxygen concentrations had not changed from new, and the diffuser headloss appeared not
y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products
to have changed significantly.
There are tests and evidence that shows little to no change in a between a new PTFE and an aged PTFE membrane in a typical municipal plant setting. This also includes ev
There are tests and evidence that shows little to no change in a between a new PTFE and an aged PTFE membrane in a typical municipal plant setting. This also includes ev
.
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
dence that there is little to no change in DP, with the help of independent research and the addition of further empirical examples. If this can be proven, wastewater plants of all sorts that install P
elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
FE layered membranes will be looking at energy savings over the operating life of the plant of 30 to 40% with the added benefit of reduced maintenance and perhaps less frequent replacement requirements
tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products
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