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Digg It - Three Perspectives on Lean
There are at least three different perspectives on Lean. The first was Shigeo Shingo’s industrial engineering perspective.
There are currently ongoing debates about Shingo’s influence on the Toyota system. The facts are that he ta
There are currently ongoing debates about Shingo’s influence on the Toyota system. The facts are that he ta
According to USFDA, a combination product is one composed of any combination of a drug and device; biological product and device; drug and biological product
ught Industrial Engineering courses at Toyota for over 25 years from 1955 onwards. He taught the people who implemented Lean the engineering principles behind it. He saw Lean in terms of Non-Stock Production – producing with minimal
; or drug, device, and biological product and fixed dose combination would include two or more combinations of drug.
Examples of combination products may in
Examples of combination products may in
inventory.
There is a grain of truth in Dan Jones’ comment above, in that Toyota have never been too interested in theory, only practice.
Shingo was a theorist as well as an engineer, and his theory was articulated as far back as
Shingo was a theorist as well as an engineer, and his theory was articulated as far back as
lude drug-coated devices, drugs packaged with delivery devices in medical kits, and drugs and devices packaged separately but intended to be used together.
1946.
The theory was that manufacturing is a network of process (product flow) and operations and that non-stock production meant focusing on flow not individual operational efficiency. He derived this from Henry Ford’s dictum that
here is enormous increase in the number of combination products entering the market in the recent years. Combination products have proven advantages but fixe
the longer anything is in the factory, the more it costs, at exactly the time when Sloan and GM were doing the direct opposite. How much Toyota were influenced by this theory, or how far Shingo’s theory is just an explanation of Toy
d dose combinations are still in the process of convincing regulatory authority on their advantages over the single ingredient formulations.
Combination pro
Combination pro
ta’s developing practice is being debated, but there is a match between theory and practice. The overarching theory behind this is the theory of demand amplification, a result of Systems Dynamics research.
The second perspective is
The second perspective is
ucts have become life saving products for the pharmaceutical companies who doesn’t have many innovative molecules in their product pipeline and have been inc
Professor Fujimoto’s Evolutionary Learning perspective, which is detailed in his book ‘The Evolution of a Manufacturing System at Toyota. I find the evolutionary perspective particularly valuable in explaining why the Toyota Produc
easingly used in the product life cycle management. Even the companies having product patents are trying to extend their product life cycle through the combi
ion System works. Professor Fujimoto identifies three characteristics of the Toyota learning system – reliable standard methods, reliable standard problem solving techniques and experimentation.
Again, I doubt Toyota would describe
nation products and maximize the revenues. But the companies involved in this practice are overlooking that they are burdening the patients both economically
themselves in this way, although I am sure they would applaud the emphasis on standard methods. As well as explaining how Lean developed at Toyota, Professor Fujimoto gives valuable insights into how companies can develop their own
and physically. They need to rightly judge the benefits of the combination products and they have to even look at the risks involved when combining the produ
implementation strategy.
A third perspective is that of H Thomas Johnson, who studied Toyota USA for his book ‘Profit Beyond Measure’. Johnson’s theory is that Toyota ‘manage by means’ rather than ‘manage by results’. What this mea
A third perspective is that of H Thomas Johnson, who studied Toyota USA for his book ‘Profit Beyond Measure’. Johnson’s theory is that Toyota ‘manage by means’ rather than ‘manage by results’. What this mea
ts. Some of the combination products were well accepted by physicians while others suffered. Companies involved in development of combination products are fi
s is that they focus on the process and the results follow, because they understand the process and are not diverted from the task by the natural variation which is common to all natural systems.
An example of a multiple perspectiv
An example of a multiple perspectiv
ding difficulty in defining their combination products and facing various challenges from selecting a combination to marketing it.
Following aspects would a
Following aspects would a
approach would be to consider Jidoka, autonomation. In most descriptions this is one of two pillars of the Toyota Production System, but it is interpreted in very different ways.
Jidoka is essentially a process to decouple people
Jidoka is essentially a process to decouple people
dd to the challenges in developing combination products:
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
Which markets to tap where the combination products can do fairly well?
Which combination prod
from machines. It was the foundation of Toyota’s original weaving loom business as Mr Toyoda patented a device to stop a loom as soon as a thread broke.
This meant that workers did not have to closely watch looms, prepared to react
This meant that workers did not have to closely watch looms, prepared to react
cts are meaningful and rational?
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
Which therapeutic categories to select?
Which Combinations can address unmet needs of the patients?
Do combin
to a break in the thread. The word came to be applied to any system that allows a machine to take action in response to problems, rather than rely on the observation of an operator.
From an engineering perspective, it is a form of
tions increase the patient compliance?
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
What would be the developing cost?
How to tackle the risks encountered during combination product developmen
utomation designed to eliminate waste – the waste of an operator watching a machine, rather than performing valueadding work. From a process management perspective it is a form of Poka-Yoke – enabling the process to inspect itself a
t?
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
As combination products don't fit into the traditional categories of drugs, medical devices, or biological products, the USFDA is in the process of devel
nd using this in-process inspection to stop defects being passed on to other operations or the customer – it is a form of process control. From a learning perspective it is a way of releasing people from the drudgery of watching mac
ping new procedures for reviewing their safety, efficacy and quality.
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
Professional from academic institutions, pharmaceutical industries, health care indust
ines, enabling them to engage in value-adding activity. This last perspective has seen it interpreted as ‘Respect for People’.
How you interpret Jidoka effects how you try to implement Lean. Do you see it as a way of removing waste
How you interpret Jidoka effects how you try to implement Lean. Do you see it as a way of removing waste
y and representatives from various regulatory agencies are working out to design the regulatory requirements for manufacture and sale of combination products
from the process, a way of controlling processes or a way of developing people? In reality it is all three, and we need to acknowledge all three in our attempts to emulate the success of Toyota, which is ultimately the goal of busin
.
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
As there is an increasing trend of the combination products companies manufacturing such products should be able to tackle the problems involved in the de
esses implementing lean. A narrow waste elimination perspective misses a lot.
Many companies have struggled to implement lean approaches. One reason may be that they have too narrow an understanding of lean, and have attempted to c
Many companies have struggled to implement lean approaches. One reason may be that they have too narrow an understanding of lean, and have attempted to c
elopment. They need to be wiser in analyzing the market trends and the regulatory requirements.
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
Companies that provide selfless information through particip
py the superficial elements of the process, rather than understanding the place of these elements in a lean system. A multi-perspective approach can help avoid this and should be part of the learning process for all our lean leaders
tion in industry events and feedback to regulatory authorities would be able to face the challenges and will be successful in developing combination products
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